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Penguins are flightless seabirds that spend much of their lives in teh water. Their wings have evolved into stiff flippers, and they swim with remarkable speed.
## Adaptations
Dense, overlapping feathers and a thick layer of fat keep penguins warm. Dark backs and white fronts camouflage them from predators in the sea.
## Breeding
Most species nest in large colonies. Emperor penguins breed through the Antarctic winter, with males balancing the egg on their feet for about two months.
## Threats
Climate change, overfishing and pollution endanger many species, and changes in [[Ocean Biodiversity]] affect their food supply.